PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Sant’Ana F.J.F., Reis Jr J.L., Araújo R.L.S., Gimeno E.J. & Ortega H.H. 2015. Cytoskeletal proteins in the follicular wall of normal and cystic ovaries of sows. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35(2):119-124. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil. E-mail: santanafjf@yahoo.com The expression of cytoskeletal proteins was evaluated immunohistochemically in 36 normal ovaries sampled from 18 sows and 44 cystic ovaries sampled from of 22 sows, was evaluated. All sows had history of reproductive problems, such as infertility or subfertility. The immunohistochemically stained area (IHCSA) was quantified through image analysis to evaluate the expression of these proteins in the follicular wall of secondary, tertiary, and cystic follicles. Cytokeratins (CK) immunoreactivity was strong in the granulosa cell layer (GC) and mild in the theca interna (TI) and externa (TE) of the normal follicles. There was severe reduction of the reaction to CK in the GC in the cystic follicles, mainly in the luteinized cysts. The immunoreactivity for vimentin was higher in the GC from normal and cystic follicles in contrast with the other follicular structures. In the luteinized cysts, the IHCSA for vimentin was significantly higher in TI and in both observed cysts, the labeling was more accentuated in TE. Immunohistochemical detection of desmin and α-SMA was restricted to the TE, without differences between the normal and cystic follicles. The results of the current study show that the development of ovarian cysts in sows is associated to changes in the expression of the cytoskeletal proteins CK and vimentin.

• Ovarian cysts cytoskeletal proteins cistos ovarianos proteínas do citoesqueleto

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Sant’Ana F.J.F., Reis Jr J.L., Araújo R.L.S., Gimeno E.J. & Ortega H.H. 2015. Cytoskeletal proteins in the follicular wall of normal and cystic ovaries of sows. [Proteínas do citoesqueleto na parede folicular de ovários normais e císticos de porcas matrizes.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35(2):119-124. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil. E-mail: santanafjf@yahoo.com A expressão de proteínas do citoesqueleto foi avaliada por imuno-histoquímica em ovários normais e císticos de porcas matrizes. Amostras de 36 ovários normais (18 porcas) e de 44 císticos (22 porcas) foram avaliadas. Todas as matrizes apresentaram histórico de problemas reprodutivos, como infertilidade ou subfertilidade. As áreas coradas por imuno-histoquímica (IHCSA) foram quantificadas por avaliação de imagens avaliando a expressão dessas proteínas na parede folicular de folículos secundários, terciários e císticos. A imuno-reatividade para citoqueratina (CK) foi forte na camada de células da granulosa (GC) e discreta nas tecas interna (TI) e externa (TE) dos folículos normais. Houve redução acentuada da reação de CK na CG dos folículos císticos, principalmente nos cistos luteinizados. A reação para vimentina foi mais intensa na CG dos folículos normais e císticos em comparação com outras estruturas foliculares. Nos cistos luteinizados, a IHCSA para vimentina foi significativamente maior na TI e, em ambos os cistos observados, a marcação foi mais acentuada na TE. A marcação de desmina e actina alfa de músculo liso foi restrita a TE, sem diferenças entre os folículos normais e císticos. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que o desenvolvimento de cistos ovarianos em porcas matrizes está associado a alterações na expressão das proteínas do citoesqueleto CK e vimentina.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fazzio L.E, Yacachury N., Galvan W.R., Peruzzo E., Sanchez R.O. & Gimeno E.J. 2012. Impact of ivermectin-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in feedlot cattle in Argentina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(5):419-423. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118, CC 296, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: fazzio@fcv.unlp.edu.ar The aim was to evaluate for 75 days the impact on production of the remaining burden of ivermectin (IVM)-resistant parasites in naturally infected feedlot calves. The herds came from tick-infested areas of cattle breeding where the systematic use of IVM to control tick increases the gastrointestinal parasites resistant to this drug. This investigation was carried out in two commercial feedlots in Buenos Aires province. In feedlot A, two groups of 35 animal each received IVM 1% and the other received ricobendazole (RBZ) 10% respectively. The same was done in feedlot B. On day 0, two groups of 35 animals were made in feedlots A and B. Fecal samples were taken on days 0, 22, 54 and 75 pos-treatment (PT), and body weight was registered, from each animal. Fecal samples were processed for individual count of eggs per gram (EPG) and pooled fecal culture was carried out for identification of the parasite genus in each sampling. Fecal egg count reduction test (FECR) was calculated on day 22 PT. The study design used was a totally randomized block, with commercial feedlot and sex as block variables. For data analysis, a mixed model of the SAS statistical program was used. The FECR average on day 22 was 28.4% in the IVM group, and 94,2 % in the RBZ group . From this date on, significant differences in EPG were kept until day 54. EPG counts were only equal near the end of the trial, on day 75 (p=0.16). In both commercial feedlots, especially in the IVM group, Cooperia spp. was the most prevalent parasite in the fecal cultures. Significant differences in weight (P<0.01) on post-treatment day 75 was found between the average weight in the RBZ and the IVM group (246 vs. 238 kg respectively), what means a difference of 8.3% in gains. The importance for production in the antiparasite failure treatment in commercial feedlots was demonstrated, and the need of pos-treatment controls to evaluate the efficacy of the antiparasitic administered is emphasized.

• Ivermectin ricobendazole

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fazzio L.E, Yacachury N., Galvan W.R., Peruzzo E., Sanchez R.O. & Gimeno E.J. 2012. Impact of ivermectin-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in feedlot cattle in Argentina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(5):419-423. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118, CC 296, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: fazzio@fcv.unlp.edu.ar O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar durante 75 dias o impacto sobre a produção da carga de parasita-ivermectina (IVM) resistentes remanescentes em bezerros naturalmente infectados no confinamento. Os rebanhos são provenientes de áreas infestadas por carrapatos, onde o uso sistemático de IVM para o controle do carrapato aumenta a resistência de parasita gastrintestinais a esta droga. Este trabalho foi realizado em dois confinamentos comerciais na província de Buenos Aires. Na fazenda A, dois grupos de 35 animais cada receberam IVM 1% e ricobendazole (RBZ) 10%, respectivamente. O mesmo foi feito no confinamento B. No dia 0, dois grupos de 35 animais foram feitos nas fazendas A e B. As amostras fecais foram tomadas nos dias 0, 22, 54 e 75 pós-tratamento (PT) e o peso corporal foi registrado, de cada animal. Amostras fecais foram processadas para a contagem individual de ovos por grama (EPG). Amostras fecais foram agrupadas para a identificação do gênero parasitária. O teste de redução de ovos fecais (TROF) foi calculado no dia 22 PT. O desenho do estudo utilizado foi aquele dos blocos inteiramente randomizados, sendo confinamento comercial e sexo as variáveis de bloco. Para a análise dos dados, um modelo misto do programa estatístico SAS foi utilizado. A média TROF no dia 22 foi de 28,4% no grupo IVM e 94,2% no grupo RBZ. A partir desta data, diferenças significativas na EPG foram mantidas até o dia 54. Contas de OPG só foram iguais perto do fim do estudo, no dia 75 (p=0,16). Em ambos os confinamentos comerciais, especialmente no grupo IVM, Cooperia spp. foram os parasitos mais prevalentes nas culturas fecais. Diferenças significativas no peso (P<0,01) 75 dias pós-tratamento foram encontradas entre o peso médio nos grupos RBZ e IVM (246 vs 238 kg, respectivamente), o que significa uma diferença de 8,3% nos ganhos. A importância para a produção no tratamento da insuficiência antiparasitários em confinamento comercial foi demonstrada, bem como a necessidade de controles pós-tratamento para avaliar a eficácia dos antiparasitários administrados é enfatizada.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fazzio L.E., Mattioli G.A., Costa E.F., Picco S.J., Rosa D.E., Testa J.A. & Gimeno E.J. 2012. Renal cortex copper concentration in acute copper poisoning in calves. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):1-4. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118, CC 296, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: fazzio@fcv.unlp.edu.ar The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic value of renal cortex copper (Cu) concentration in clinical cases of acute copper poisoning (ACP). A total of 97 calves that died due to subcutaneous copper administration were compiled in eleven farms. At least, one necropsy was conducted on each farm and samples for complementary analysis were taken. The degree of autolysis in each necropsy was evaluated. The cases appeared on extensive grazing calf breeding and intensive feedlot farms, in calves of 60 to 200 kg body weight. Mortality varied from 0.86 to 6.96 %, on the farms studied. The first succumbed calf was found on the farms between 6 and 72 hours after the susbcutaneous Cu administration. As discrepancies regarding the reference value arose, the local value (19.9 parts per million) was used, confirming the diagnosis of acute copper poisoning in 93% of the analyzed kidney samples. These results confirm the value of analysis of the cortical kidney Cu concentration for the diagnosis of acute copper poisoning.

• Copper renal córtex cobre córtex renal

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fazzio L.E., Mattioli G.A., Costa E.F., Picco S.J., Rosa D.E., Testa J.A. & Gimeno E.J. 2012. Renal cortex copper concentration in acute copper poisoning in calves. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):1-4. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118, CC 296, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: fazzio@fcv.unlp.edu.ar O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o valor diagnóstico de concentração de cobre (Cu) no córtex do rim em casos clínicos da intoxicação cobre aguda (ACP). Um total de 97 bezerros foi compilado em onze fazendas. Pelo menos, uma necropsia foi realizada em cada caso e foram colhidas amostras para análise complementar. O grau de autólise em cada necropsia foi avaliado. Os casos aparecem em criação extensiva e também em fazendas de confinamento intensivo. Os pesos dos animais variavam de 60 até 200 kg. Mortalidade variou entre 0,86 e 6,96%, em todas as fazendas estudadas, o primeiro animal morto foi observado entre 6 e 72 horas após à administração parenteral de Cu. Surgirem discrepâncias em relação ao valor de referência a ser usado. O valor local (19. 9 partes por milhão) foi usado, confirmando o diagnóstico de intoxicação aguda de cobre em 93% das amostras analisadas nos rins. Estes resultados confirmam o valor diagnóstico da concentração de Cu no rim córtex para o diagnóstico de ACP.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ríos E.E., Cholich L.A., Gimeno E.J., Guidi M.G. & Acosta de Pérez O.C. 2012. Experimental poisoning of goats by Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa in Argentina: A clinic and pathological correlation with special consideration on the central nervous system. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):37-42. Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina. E-mail: patmed@vet.unne.edu.ar Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa, aguapei or mandiyura, is responsible for lysosomal storage in goats. The shrub contains several alkaloids, mainly swansonine which inhibits lysosomal &#945;-mannosidase and Golgi mannosidase II. Poisoning occurs by inhibition of these hydrolases. There is neuronal vacuolation, endocrine dysfunction, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal injury, and immune disorders. Clinical signs and pathology of the experimental poisoning of goats by Ipomoea carnea in Argentina are here described. Five goats received fresh leaves and stems of Ipomoea. At the beginning, the goats did not consume the plant, but later, it was preferred over any other forage. High dose induced rapid intoxication, whereas with low doses, the course of the toxicosis was more protracted. The goats were euthanized when they were recumbent. Cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons and colliculi, were routinely processed for histology. In nine days, the following clinical signs developed: abnormal fascies, dilated nostrils and abnormal postures of the head, cephalic tremors and nystagmus, difficulty in standing. Subsequently, the goats had a tendency to fall, always to the left, with spastic convulsions. There was lack in coordination of voluntary movements due to Purkinje and deep nuclei neurons damage. The cochlear reflex originated hyperreflexia, abnormal posture, head movements and tremors. The withdrawal reflex produced flexor muscles hypersensitivity at the four legs, later depression and stupor. Abnormal responses to sounds were related to collicular lesions. Thalamic damage altered the withdrawal reflex, showing incomplete reaction. The observed cervical hair bristling was attributed to a thalamic regulated nociceptive response. Depression may be associated with agonists of lysergic acid contained in Ipomoea. These clinical signs were correlated with lesions in different parts of the CNS.

• Poisonous plants Ipomoea carnea plant poisoning plantas tóxicas intoxicação por planta

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ríos E.E., Cholich L.A., Gimeno E.J., Guidi M.G. & Acosta de Pérez O.C. 2012. Experimental poisoning of goats by Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa in Argentina: A clinic and pathological correlation with special consideration on the central nervous system. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):37-42. Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina. E-mail: patmed@vet.unne.edu.ar Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa, aguapeí ou mandiyura, causa uma doença de depósito lisossomal em caprinos. A planta contém vários alcalóides, principalmente swansonine, que inibe uma &#945;-mannosidase lisossomal e uma mannosidase II do Golgi. A intoxicação ocorre pela inibição dessas hidrolases. Há vacuolização neuronal, disfunção endócrina, lesões cardiovasculares e gastrointestinais e distúrbios imunológicos. No presente trabalho é descrita a intoxicação experimental por Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa em caprinos da Argentina. Cinco cabras receberam folhas frescas e ramos de Ipomoea. No começo eles não consumiram a planta, mas depois ela foi preferida a qualquer outras forrageiras. Altas doses induziram uma intoxicação rápida, enquanto que com doses baixas demora mais tempo. As cabras foram sacrificadas quando ficavam em decúbito. Cérebro, cerebelo, medula oblonga, ponte e colículos foram processados rotineiramente para histologia. Aos nove dias, encontramos: fascie anormal, narinas dilatadas, posturas anormais da cabeça, tremores cefálicos e nistagmo, dificuldade para permanecer na estação. Posteriormente, presentearam a tendência de queda, sempre à esquerda, com convulsões espásticas. Os neurônios de Purkinje e os os núcleos profundos foram danificados. Como conseqüência, emergiu a falta de coordenação de movimentos voluntários. A hiper-reflexo coclear originou postura anormal, movimentos de cabeça e tremores. A retirada produz reflexos hipersensibilidade nos flexores dos quatro membros, depois depressão e letargia. As respostas anormais estão ligadas a lesões do colículo. Injurias no tálamo alteram o reflexo de retirada, mostrando uma reação incompleta. Os pelos eriçados da região cervical podem representar uma resposta nociceptiva também regulada pelo tálamo. A depressão pode estar associada com agonistas do ácido lisérgico presentes na Ipomoea. Esses sintomas estão relacionados com lesões em diferentes partes do SNC.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fazzio L.E., Mattioli G.A., Picco S.J., Rosa D.E., Minatel L. & Gimeno E.J. 2010. Diagnostic value of copper parameters to predict growth of suckling calves grazing native range in Argentina. [Valor diagnóstico dos parâmetros de cobre para prever o crescimento de bezerros lactantes em pastagem nativas na Argentina.] Pesquisa Veterianária Brasileira 30(10):827-832. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118, CC 296, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: fazzio@fcv.unlp.edu.ar A study was conducted to evaluate the predictive diagnostic value of different copper (Cu) parameters as indicators of average daily gain (ADG) in growing calves. The effects in calves of cow Cu supplementation in the last one-third gestation period were also evaluated. Five supplementation trials, with a total of 300 calves, were carried out. Two groups of 30 calves were randomly assigned to each trial, one group was parenterally supplemented (SG) and the other was not supplemented (NSG). Trials began when calves were three-month-old and ended at weaning time. At each sampling calves were weighed and blood was taken to determine Cu concentrations in plasma, Whole Blood (WB), Red Cells (RC) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). Liver samples from six animals of each group were taken both at the beginning and at the end of the trial. In two trials the mothers of the SG received Cu supplementation at the last one- third gestation period. Four of the five trials exhibited low ADG in the NSGs. In these groups, plasma Cu concentration decreased rapidly before low ADG was detected, which occurred with values remaining below 25µg/dl. The decrease of RC Cu concentration was considerably slow. WB showed an intermediate position. PCV in the SGs was higher than in the NSGs in all trials. Cow supplementation was insufficient to generate a liver storage able to last after calves reached the 3 months of age. These data could be useful to predict the risk of low ADG in grazing calves.

• Copper cobre

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fazzio L.E., Mattioli G.A., Picco S.J., Rosa D.E., Minatel L. & Gimeno E.J. 2010. Diagnostic value of copper parameters to predict growth of suckling calves grazing native range in Argentina. [Valor diagnóstico dos parâmetros de cobre para prever o crescimento de bezerros lactantes em pastagem nativas na Argentina.] Pesquisa Veterianária Brasileira 30(10):827-832. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, calle 60 y 118, CC 296, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: fazzio@fcv.unlp.edu.ar Foi realizado um estudo para predisser o valor diagnóstico de diferentes parâmetros de cobre (Cu) como indicadores de ganho médio diário (ADG) na criação de bezerros. Também foram avaliados os efeitos da suplementação com Cu nas vacas no último terço da gestação. Cinco ensaios de suplementação, com um total de 300 bezerros, foram realizados. Dois grupos de 30 bezerros foram atribuídos aleatoriamente em cada proba, um grupo foi parenteralmente suplementado (SG) e o outro não foi suplementado (NSG). Os ensaios começaram quando os bezerros tinham três meses de idade e terminou ao tempo do destete. Em cada ensaio os bezerros foram pesados e mostras do sangue foi tomada para determinar as concentrações Cu no plasma, sangue total (WB), eritrócitos (RC) e hematócrito (PCV). Amostras de fígado foram colhidas em seis animais de cada grupo tanto no início quanto no final do ensaio As mães do SG receberam suplementação de Cu no último terço da gestação em dois ensaios. Quatro dos cinco ensaios apresentavam baixa ADG nos NSGs. Nesses grupos, a concentração plasmática de Cu diminuiu rapidamente antes que a baixa do ADG fossei detectada, o que ocorreu com os valores abaixo 25 µg/d. A diminuição da concentração de RC Cu foi bastante lenta. WB mostrou uma posição intermédia. PCV nos SGs foi mais elevado do que nos NSGs em todos os ensaios. A suplementação das vacas foi insuficiente para gerar um armazenamento hepático capaz de durar até os 3 meses de idade dos bezerros. Estes dados poderiam ser úteis para prever o risco de baixa ADG em bezerros em pastagem.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fontana P.A., Zanuzzi C.N., Barbeito C.G., Gimeno E.J. & Portiansky E.L. 2009. Thymic atrophy in cattle poisoned with Solanum glaucophyllum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):266-274. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: elporti@fcv.unlp.edu.ar Solanum glaucophyllum (Sg) [= S. malacoxylon] is a calcinogenic plant inducing “Enzootic Calcinosis” in cattle. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, its main toxic principle, regulates bone and calcium metabolism and also exerts immunomodulatory effects. Thymocyte precursors from bone marrow-derived progenitor cells differentiate into mature T-cells. Differentiation of most T lymphocytes is characterized not only by the variable expression of CD4/CD8 receptor molecules and increased surface density of the T cell antigen receptor, but also by changes in the glycosylation pattern of cell surface glycolipids or glycoproteins. Thymocytes exert a feedback influence on thymic non-lymphoid cells. Sg-induced modifications on cattle thymus T-lymphocytes and on non-lymphoid cells were analysed. Heifers were divided into 5 groups (control, intoxicated with Sg during 15, 30 or 60 days, and probably recovered group). Histochemical, immunohistochemical, lectinhistochemical and morphometric techniques were used to characterize different cell populations of the experimental heifers. Sg-poisoned heifers showed a progressive cortical atrophy that was characterized using the peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin that recognizes immature thymocytes. These animals also increased the amount of non-lymphoid cells per unit area detected with the Picrosirius technique, WGA and DBA lectins, and pancytokeratin and S-100 antibodies. The thymus atrophy found in intoxicated animals resembled that of the physiological aging process. A reversal effect on these changes was observed after suppression of the intoxication. These findings suggest that Sg-intoxication induces either directly, through the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 itself, or indirectly through the hypercalcemia, the observed alteration of the thymus.

• Calcinosis; calcitriol cattle immunohistochemistry lectinhistochemistry plant poisoning Solanum glaucophyllum S. malacoxylon thymus gland

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Fontana P.A., Zanuzzi C.N., Barbeito C.G., Gimeno E.J. & Portiansky E.L. 2009. Thymic atrophy in cattle poisoned with Solanum glaucophyllum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):266-274. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: elporti@fcv.unlp.edu.ar Solanum glaucophyllum (Sg) [= S. malacoxylon] is a calcinogenic plant inducing “Enzootic Calcinosis” in cattle. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, its main toxic principle, regulates bone and calcium metabolism and also exerts immunomodulatory effects. Thymocyte precursors from bone marrow-derived progenitor cells differentiate into mature T-cells. Differentiation of most T lymphocytes is characterized not only by the variable expression of CD4/CD8 receptor molecules and increased surface density of the T cell antigen receptor, but also by changes in the glycosylation pattern of cell surface glycolipids or glycoproteins. Thymocytes exert a feedback influence on thymic non-lymphoid cells. Sg-induced modifications on cattle thymus T-lymphocytes and on non-lymphoid cells were analysed. Heifers were divided into 5 groups (control, intoxicated with Sg during 15, 30 or 60 days, and probably recovered group). Histochemical, immunohistochemical, lectinhistochemical and morphometric techniques were used to characterize different cell populations of the experimental heifers. Sg-poisoned heifers showed a progressive cortical atrophy that was characterized using the peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin that recognizes immature thymocytes. These animals also increased the amount of non-lymphoid cells per unit area detected with the Picrosirius technique, WGA and DBA lectins, and pancytokeratin and S-100 antibodies. The thymus atrophy found in intoxicated animals resembled that of the physiological aging process. A reversal effect on these changes was observed after suppression of the intoxication. These findings suggest that Sg-intoxication induces either directly, through the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 itself, or indirectly through the hypercalcemia, the observed alteration of the thymus.

Abstract in English:

Méndez M.C., Elias F., Riet-Correa F., Gimeno E.J. & Portiansky E. 2006. [Experimental poisoning by fruits of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) in pigs.] Intoxicação experimental com frutos de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) em suínos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(1):26-30. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. E-mail: nane@ufpel.tche.br Mature ground fruits of Melia azedarach were administered mixed with the food to 8 pigs at single doses of 5-20g/kg. Transient diarrhea was the only sign observed in the 2 pigs that ingested 5g/kg. Clinical signs observed in the pigs that ingested 10, 15 and 20 g/kg were incoordination, muscular tremors, difficulty to stand or to get up, sternal decubitus and hypothermia. The 2 pigs that ingested 20g/kg died. The gross lesions were congestion and necrosis of the small intestine and the stomach mucosa. The microscopic alterations were characterised by necrosis of the lymphatic tissues and skeletal muscles, congestion and necrosis of the stomach and small intestine, and moderate degenerative alterations of liver and kidneys. The serum levels of AST and CPK increased after the ingestion of the toxic fruits. High values of CPK were observed in the succumbing animals due to the muscle necrosis.These results demonstrate that the ingestion of high doses of Melia azedarach fruits by pigs may induce clinical signs of poisoning and cause lesions in several organs and even death.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Melia azedarach Meliaceae swine.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Méndez M.C., Elias F., Riet-Correa F., Gimeno E.J. & Portiansky E. 2006. [Experimental poisoning by fruits of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) in pigs.] Intoxicação experimental com frutos de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) em suínos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(1):26-30. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. E-mail: nane@ufpel.tche.br Mature ground fruits of Melia azedarach were administered mixed with the food to 8 pigs at single doses of 5-20g/kg. Transient diarrhea was the only sign observed in the 2 pigs that ingested 5g/kg. Clinical signs observed in the pigs that ingested 10, 15 and 20 g/kg were incoordination, muscular tremors, difficulty to stand or to get up, sternal decubitus and hypothermia. The 2 pigs that ingested 20g/kg died. The gross lesions were congestion and necrosis of the small intestine and the stomach mucosa. The microscopic alterations were characterised by necrosis of the lymphatic tissues and skeletal muscles, congestion and necrosis of the stomach and small intestine, and moderate degenerative alterations of liver and kidneys. The serum levels of AST and CPK increased after the ingestion of the toxic fruits. High values of CPK were observed in the succumbing animals due to the muscle necrosis.These results demonstrate that the ingestion of high doses of Melia azedarach fruits by pigs may induce clinical signs of poisoning and cause lesions in several organs and even death.

Abstract in English:

Zlotowski P., Nakazato L., Dutra V., Barros S.S., Gimeno E.J., Göcks M., Colodel E.M. & Driemeier D. 2005. [Inherited glycogenosis in Brahman cattle in Brazil.] Glicogenose hereditária em bovinos Brahman no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(4):210-214. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000. Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br An inherited disease of cattle, characterized by lysosomal storage of glycogen in several tissues, is reported. The disease was diagnosed in a Brahman herd in the municipality of Porto Lucena, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Affected calves, after one month of age, showed progressive difficulty to follow their mother, retarded growth, muscular weakness and tremors, lethargy and poor body condition. All affected calves were sired by the same bull. Necropsy was performed on three affected calves. The only gross lesion detected was paleness of the skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs. Cytoplasmic vacuoles, the main histological lesion, were particularly evident in skeletal muscles, myocardium and Purkinje fibers, in neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Large amounts of periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive granules were also observed in these most severely affected tissues. Pretreatment with diastase completely abolished the PAS reactivity. The 1057?TA, a lethal mutation in the gene of the acid alpha-glucosidase, which causes generalized glycogenosis in Brahman cattle, was detected by PCR in paraffin embedded tissues of affected animals on which post-mortem examination was performed. Clinical, histological and molecular findings were similar to previous descriptions of generalized glycogenosis in Brahman cattle in Australia. No previous indexed reports about generalized glycogenosis of Brahman cattle in Brazil could be found.

• Glycogenosis inherited disease Brahman cattle.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Zlotowski P., Nakazato L., Dutra V., Barros S.S., Gimeno E.J., Göcks M., Colodel E.M. & Driemeier D. 2005. [Inherited glycogenosis in Brahman cattle in Brazil.] Glicogenose hereditária em bovinos Brahman no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(4):210-214. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000. Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br An inherited disease of cattle, characterized by lysosomal storage of glycogen in several tissues, is reported. The disease was diagnosed in a Brahman herd in the municipality of Porto Lucena, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Affected calves, after one month of age, showed progressive difficulty to follow their mother, retarded growth, muscular weakness and tremors, lethargy and poor body condition. All affected calves were sired by the same bull. Necropsy was performed on three affected calves. The only gross lesion detected was paleness of the skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs. Cytoplasmic vacuoles, the main histological lesion, were particularly evident in skeletal muscles, myocardium and Purkinje fibers, in neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Large amounts of periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive granules were also observed in these most severely affected tissues. Pretreatment with diastase completely abolished the PAS reactivity. The 1057?TA, a lethal mutation in the gene of the acid alpha-glucosidase, which causes generalized glycogenosis in Brahman cattle, was detected by PCR in paraffin embedded tissues of affected animals on which post-mortem examination was performed. Clinical, histological and molecular findings were similar to previous descriptions of generalized glycogenosis in Brahman cattle in Australia. No previous indexed reports about generalized glycogenosis of Brahman cattle in Brazil could be found.

Abstract in English:

Aguirre J.I., Gomar M.S., Igal, S., Quiroga M.A., Portiansky E.L & Gimeno E.J. 2005. Bone changes caused by experimental Solanum malacoxylon poisoning in rabbits. [Alterações ósseas causadas na intoxicação experimental por Solanum malacoxylon em coelhos.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):34-38. Institute of Pathology “Prof. Dr. Bernardo Epstein”, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, P.O.Box 296, (1900) La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: ejgimeno@fcv.unlp.edu.ar The aim of this study was to describe the bone changes observed after a daily oral administration of the calcinogenic plant Solanum malacoxylon (syn. S. glaucophyllum) (Sm) during 9 days. The Sm-poisoned rabbits had an increase of bone resorption in the endosteal surface of the cortical zone and also in the surface covered by osteoblasts of the primary and secondary spongiosa of the trabecular bone compartment. Moreover, the epiphyseal growth plates in long bones appeared narrower than in the control rabbits, with reduction of the proliferative and hyperthrophic chondrocyte zones. The electron microscopic study revealed a significant decrease of proteoglycans in the hyperthrophic chondrocyte zone evidenced by a significant reduction of rutenium red positive granules in the poisoned rabbit. Altogether, these data suggest that cell differentiation may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Sm-induced bone lesions.

• Solanum malacoxylon S. glaucophyllum calcinogenic plant rabbit bone tissue growth plate.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Aguirre J.I., Gomar M.S., Igal, S., Quiroga M.A., Portiansky E.L & Gimeno E.J. 2005. Bone changes caused by experimental Solanum malacoxylon poisoning in rabbits. [Alterações ósseas causadas na intoxicação experimental por Solanum malacoxylon em coelhos.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):34-38. Institute of Pathology “Prof. Dr. Bernardo Epstein”, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, P.O.Box 296, (1900) La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: ejgimeno@fcv.unlp.edu.ar The aim of this study was to describe the bone changes observed after a daily oral administration of the calcinogenic plant Solanum malacoxylon (syn. S. glaucophyllum) (Sm) during 9 days. The Sm-poisoned rabbits had an increase of bone resorption in the endosteal surface of the cortical zone and also in the surface covered by osteoblasts of the primary and secondary spongiosa of the trabecular bone compartment. Moreover, the epiphyseal growth plates in long bones appeared narrower than in the control rabbits, with reduction of the proliferative and hyperthrophic chondrocyte zones. The electron microscopic study revealed a significant decrease of proteoglycans in the hyperthrophic chondrocyte zone evidenced by a significant reduction of rutenium red positive granules in the poisoned rabbit. Altogether, these data suggest that cell differentiation may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Sm-induced bone lesions.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Colodel E.M., Driemeier D., Loretti A.P., Gimeno E.J., Traverso S.D., Seitz A.L. & Zlotowski P. 2002. [Clinical and pathological aspects of Sida carpinifolia poisoning in goats in Rio Grande do Sul.] Aspectos clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação por Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(2):51-57. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. This report includes the clinical and pathological studies of a lysosomal storage disease which spontaneously occurred in three flocs of goats e after consumption of Sida carpinifolia, the predominant plant in the paddocks where the animals were grazing. In the outbreaks a total of 25 out of 51 animals were affected. Post-mortem examination was performed on 11 goats. The disease was experimentally induced by dosing goats with Sida carpinifolia. The plant was administered in natura or dried to 3 animals. No clinical or pathological changes were observed in one goat dosed with Sida rhombifolia ad libidum during 40 days. Clinical signs of the poisoning were ataxia, hypermetria, muscle tremors in the head and neck and disorders of deglutition. The clinical signs were exacerbated by movement. After the surviving animals had been moved to other pastures and stopped eating the plant, clinical signs were still observed during 24 months. At necropsy, no significant gross lesions were observed. Microscopic lesions included various degrees of vacuolization in the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells. Similar lesions were observed in the acinar pancreatic cells, hepatocytes, proximal convoluted tubular cells, follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and macrophages oflymph nodes. In the surviving animals, mild neuronal cytoplasmic vacuolization was observed, and few cells were eosinophilic and shrunken. In these cases neurons, especially Purkinje cells, had disappeared. Through the histochemical study of the cerebellar sections, the lysosomal storage disease was characterized as an alpha-mannosidosis. The vacuoles within the Purkinje cells strongly reacted with lectins of Concanavalia ensiformis, Triticum vulgaris and succinylated Triticum vulgaris. The pattern observed in this investigation is similar to those seen in other poisonings by swainsonine-containing plants.

• Sida carpinifolia Malvaceae lysosomal storage disease a-mannosidosis goats lectins doença de armazenamento lisossomal a-manosidose caprinos lectinas.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Colodel E.M., Driemeier D., Loretti A.P., Gimeno E.J., Traverso S.D., Seitz A.L. & Zlotowski P. 2002. [Clinical and pathological aspects of Sida carpinifolia poisoning in goats in Rio Grande do Sul.] Aspectos clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação por Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(2):51-57. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. Este trabalho inclui os estudos clínicos e patológicos da doença de armazenamento lisossomal induzida pelo consumo espontâneo de Sida carpinifolia. A enfermidade foi observada em três rebanhos, que juntos eram compostos por 51 caprinos, dos quais, 25 foram afetados e 11 necropsiados. Nos três surtos, S. carpinifolia era a vegetação predominante nos piquetes ocupados pelos animais. Clinicamente, a doença caracterizou-se por distúrbios neurológicos que consistiam de ataxia, hipermetria, posturas anormais, tremores musculares afetando principalmente as regiões da cabeça e pescoço, dificuldade para ingestão de alimentos e quedas freqüentes. Estes sinais clínicos eram exacerbados pela movimentação. Em alguns animais, embora com um quadro clínico estabilizado, as alterações neurológicas persistiram durante 24 meses após sua retirada dos piquetes infestados por S. carpinifolia. A doença foi reproduzida administrando-se S. carpinifolia, in natura ou seca à sombra, para 3 caprinos. Um caprino recebeu Sida rhombifolia, ad libidum, por 40 dias e não desenvolveu alterações clínicas ou patológicas. Na necropsia não havia alterações. Microscopicamente, as principais alterações foram distensão e vacuolização citoplasmáticas em neurônios e, em menor intensidade, em células da glia do sistema nervoso central. Alterações similares foram observadas em células acinares pancreáticas, hepatócitos, células tubulares renais, células foliculares epiteliais da tireóide e macrófagos de órgãos linfóides. Nos animais que não mais ingeriam S. carpinifolia por períodos de um mês ou mais, observou-se uma diminuição da vacuolização citoplasmática de neurônios, que apresentavam citoplasma eosinofilico e aspecto enrugado. Nestes casos, notou-se também desaparecimento neuronal especialmente em células de Purkinje e gliose local. Em cortes cerebelares, esta doença de armazenamento foi caracterizada como ?-manosidose pelo estudo histoquímico por lectinas. Os vacúolos nas células de Purkinje reagiram fortemente com as lectinas Concanavalia ensiformis, Triticum vulgaris e Triticum vulgaris succinilado. O padrão obtido neste estudo é similar ao encontrado em intoxicação por plantas que apresentam swainsoniana como princípio tóxico.